高中一年级英语暑假班（学生版）
教师 |
| 日期 |
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学生 |
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课程编号 |
| 课型 | 专题 | ||
课题 | 语态复习 | ||||
教学目的 | |||||
复习初中阶段重点语态考试知识点
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教学重点 | |||||
易混淆语态的区别与用
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教学安排 | |||||
| 版块 | 时长 | |||
1 | 词语复习 | 15分钟 | |||
2 | 时态复习 | 60分钟 | |||
3 | 加油站-阅读理解 | 15分钟 | |||
4 | 师生总结 | 5分钟 | |||
5 | 作业 | 30分钟 | |||
、
1. introduce v. 介绍；使知道；使第一次接触 引进；初次引入；推行 |
He introduced us to the delights of natural food. 他让大家认识到用天然事物的乐趣。
Tim, may I introduce you to my uncle’s secretary, Mary Waller?
蒂姆，我来介绍一下，这位是我叔叔的秘书，玛丽·沃勒。
With considerable shyness, Elaine performed the introductions.
伊莱恩很害臊地进行了介绍。
The Government has introduced a number of other money-saving moves.
政府已经采取了其他一些省钱的举措。
He is best remembered for the introduction of the moving as百度竞价推广bly line.
他最为人铭记的创举是率先使用流水装配线。
introduction n. 引言；基础知识书；初阶读物；
Ellen Malos, in her introduction to “The Politics of Housework”, provides a summary of the debates.
艾伦马洛斯在她为《家务政治学》一书所作的序言中对这类争论进行了总结。
The book is a friendly, down-to-earth introduction.
这是一本通俗而务实的物理基础知识书。
2. invent vt"> 编造；捏造；虚构 |
He invented the first electric clock. 他创造了第一个电动机械钟。
I stood still, trying to invent a plausible excuse. 我站着不动，试图编个说得过去的借口。
invention n. 创造物；创造的事物；创造；创造；捏造；虚构
The spinning wheel was a Chinese invention. 纺车是中国人创造的。
More than eight million books were printed within fifty years after the invention of the printing press. 印刷机创造未来的50年间，有800万册图书被印刷。
The story was certainly a favourite one, but it was undoubtedly pure invention.
这个故事当然非常受欢迎，但它无一纯属虚构。
3. long adj. （时间）长的；（距离）远的；超长的；过长的； v. 渴望；渴求；期盼 |
I learned long ago to avoid these invitations. 我非常早就掌握如何多开这种邀请了。
for long 长久地
Did you live there? Not for long. 你在那儿住过？ 没住多长时间。
Go to sleep. I’ve got a long day tomorrow. 睡觉吧。我明天还要忙呢。
all year long, the whole day long; your whole life long 一直；整个地
We played the record all night long. 大家整晚都在放那张唱片。
He longed for the winter to be over. 他期盼冬季早日过去。
I’m longing to meet her. 我渴望见到她。
long-awaited 翘首以待的；期待已久的
longed-for 梦寐以求的；朝思暮想的
longed-standing 长期存在的；由来已久的
long-term 长期的；长远的
long-wearing 耐久的；经久耐用的
4. match n.【C】竞赛，比赛；火柴； v. 与……匹配；与……不相上下 |
He was watching a football match. 他正在观看一场足球赛。
a packet of cigarettes and a box of matches 一包烟和一盒火柴
Her nails were painted bright red to match her dress.
她的指甲涂成了大红色，为的是与裙子合适。
match up 合适
The pillow cover can match up with the sheets. 这条枕巾可以和床单配上。
Their strengths in memory and spatial skills matched. 他们在记忆力和空间技能方面势均力敌。
5. matter n.【C】 要紧事，麻烦事，事情；问题；物质； v. （常用于否定句和疑问句）要紧，有关系；有影响 |
It was clear that she wanted to discuss some private matter. 非常明显，她想谈些私事。
Matters took an unexpected turn. 局势发生了意料之外的转变。
a matter of 关乎……的问题
History is always a matter of interpretation. 历史一直一种阐释角度的问题。
Observance of the law is a matter of principle for us. 守法是大家的一个原则问题。
He has spent his career studying how matter behaves at the fine edge between order and disorder.
他从事研究物质在有序与无序的细微临界处的行为变化。
as a matter of fact 事实上；恰恰相反；确切地说
It’s not that difficult. As a matter of fact, it’s quite easy.
这并不那样困难，事实上，容易得非常。
Money is the only thing that matters to them. 对他们来讲，钱是唯一要紧的东西。
Does it matter that people don’t know this? 大家对此事不知情，这要紧吗？
6. mirror n. 镜子 v. 反映；再现 |
He checked his mirror and saw that a dark coloured van was immediately behind him.
他看了一下后视镜，发现一辆深色货车紧随其后。
The book inevitably mirrors my own interests and experiences.
这本书不可防止地反映出我的爱好与历程。
7. number n. 【C】数，数字；号码；数目 v. 总计；把……编号 |
The number 47 bus leaves in 10 minutes. 47路公共汽车10分钟后开车。
I have had an enormous number of letters from single parents.
我已经收到了很多单亲父母的来信。
a number of 若干/很多
They told me that their village numbered 100. 他们告诉我他们村子有100人。
He cut his paper up into tiny squares, and he numbered each one.
他把纸剪成了小方块，然后逐一编号。
8. occupation n. 【C】职业；占领；占用 |
I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.
我想我在找的是一份具备冒险性的工作。
people who sell their home and buy another one for their own occupation
供应房子再另购一套自住的人
occupy
占用；用 The hospital bed is no longer occupied by his wife. 他的老婆不在这张病床上了。
使忙碌 Her job has occupied all of her time. 她整日忙于我们的工作。
I had forgotten all about it because I had been so occupied with other things.
由于忙于其他事情，我把这件事忘得精光。
Ⅰ.选词填空，在需要的地方进行词形变化。
introduce | long | mirror | number |
invent | match | matter | occupy |
1. Don’t let yourself despair; this will only make ________ worse. 不要想不开，如此只能使事情更糟。
2. Helen was a perfect ______ for Peter. 海伦和彼得是绝配。
3. His won shock was ______ on her face. 他和她你看我，我看你。
4. This time the dead were ______ in hundreds, not dozens. 这次死亡人数是数以百计，而非几十人。
5. Steve ______ for the good old days. 史蒂夫渴望重度昔日的美好时光。
6. It’s no use ______ any excuse; I’ve been told everything. 编理由没，我什么都了解了。
7. Many words were ______ to Europe by Portuguese in 17th century.
17世纪时葡萄牙人把很多次引入了欧洲。
Land is, in most instances, bought by those who ______ it.
在大部分状况下，土地都是由其用户购得。
Ⅱ. 翻译
我看见了3顶帐篷，其中两张已有人占了。
历史一直一种阐释角度的问题。
他期盼冬季总日过去。
他让大家认识到用天然食物的乐趣。（introduce）
5. 需要学生把书本与作者对应起来。
Ⅰ. 初中语态概况
英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的实行者,又叫施动者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区别主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是实行者还是承受者。如：
The flowers and grass should be watered .
We should water the flowers and grass .
◆ 构成
被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。
Tom broke the cup . → The cup was broken by Tom .
2. 被动语态有以下8种：
一般目前时：be +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring .
一般过去时：be +过去分词 The house was built last year .
目前进行时：be + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired .
过去进行时：be + being +过去分词
目前完成时：have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off .
过去完成时：had + been +过去分词
一般以后时：will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .
含情态动词的：情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours .
3. 被动语态常用于以下场所：
① 不了解或没必要说明动作的实行者是哪个时。
My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。
② 强调动作的实行者时，用“by +动作的实行者”。
The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我爸爸用过的。
※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，没被动形式。
◆ 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语维持人称和数的一致。
3. 将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。
主动语态：Many people speak English .
被动语态：English is spoken by many people .
Lu Xun wrote this book .→ This book was written by Lu Xun .
People are cutting down many trees now .→ Many trees are being cut down now.
◆ 主动语态和被动语态的转换
1. 双宾语的被动形式
双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法：
① 假如把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那样指物的直接宾语保留不动。
His teacher gave him a book .→He was given a book by his teacher .
He has bought me a present .→I have been bought a present .
② 假如要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那样动词后要用介词to / for，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。
His teacher gave him a book .→A book was given to him by his teacher .
He has bought me a present .→A present has been bought for me .
※ 容易见到的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等，这类词与介词to搭配;buy / make / draw等，这类词与介词for搭配。
2. 动词短语的被动语态
很多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词等于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不可以把短语动词分开，也不可以漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。 如：
① We should speak to old men politely .→Old men should be spoken to politely .
② He always takes care of his sister .→His sister is always taken care of .
③ She turned off the radio .→The radio was turned off .
3. 省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态
在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。
① He made the girl stay at home .→The girl was made to stay at home .
② We often hear her sing in the room .→She is often heard to sing in the room .
③ The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .→They were made to work for 16 hours a day .
4. 主动形式表被动意义
① 动词need，want与短语beworth等后面常接动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The room needs cleaning .这房屋需要打扫。 The piece of music is worth listening to .这首曲子值得听。
② 某些表示主语质地、自己特点的动词，如write / wash / sell / clean / cook等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The cloth washes easily .这种布容易洗。
The pen writes well .这支笔非常不错用。
Ⅰ. 选择题
The sport meeting ________ next month.
A. will hold | B. is going to hold | C. will be held | D. is held |
Thanks to the Internet，different kinds of information ________ in a short time.
A. can be learned | B. has been learned | C. can learn | D. has learned |
The children were hungry and the salad was quickly ________.
A. eating up | B. ate up | C. eaten up | D. eat up |
Don't worry.Your package ________ here until you come back，please enjoy shopping here.
A. will keep | B. keeps | C. can be kept | D. kept |
Many comic books ________ into cartoons in the past 40 years.
A. make | B. are made | C. have made | D. have been made |
Textbooks for junior students ________ for free in most areas of China.
A. provide | B. provided | C. are provided | D. was provided |
7．—When was the car invented?
—It ________ in 1885.
A. invented | B. is invented | C. was invented | D. was inventing |
8．—Look，what have they done?
—Sorry. I think if I ________ another chance，I'll do it better.
A. give | B. will be given | C. will give | D. am given |
9．—How soon ________ all the work ________？
—In a week.
A. will; finish | B. is; going to finish | C. will; be finished | D. are; going to be finished |
10．—Zongzi ________ to students for free in our dining hall on Dragon Boat Festival.
—Really？That sounds cool！
A. offer | B. have offered | C. is offered | D. will be offered |
Ⅱ.翻译
这件事最后成功地解决了，使大家很高兴。
五年经济进步计划正在顺利进行。
新旅馆的设计将由以为著名法国建筑师来完成。
这个信息前天一定已经传递给运动员们了。
自古以来浪费食物就被视为一种不好的行为。
由于大雨，校运会将不能不推迟。（put off）
据了解，在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗迹。（discover）
8. 住在什么区域的人对或许会有地震的警告很吃惊。（shock）
Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension
Monday: Here I am, in the middle of nowhere. This camping trip idea is not getting off to a very good start. It's raining and the tent leaks. The hiking seemed to take forever, and I still can't understand how it could all have been up hill! How did I ever let my brother talk me into this? When we get home—if we ever get home—he's going to have to do something great to get back on my good side. Maybe he should sponsor a shopping spree （狂购） at the mall!
Tuesday: Things are looking up. The sun came out today, so we were able to leave the tents and dry out. We're camped at the edge of a small lake that I couldn't see before because of the rain and fog. The mountains are all around us, and the forest is absolutely beautiful. We spent most of the day dragging everything out of our backpacks or tents and putting it where the sun could dry it out. Later in the afternoon we tried to catch the fish for dinner, but the fish were smarter than we were. At night we built a fire and sang songs happily.
Wednesday: We hiked to the far side of the lake and climbed to the TOP of a small peak. From there we could see how high the other mountains were and how far the forest spread around us. On the way up we passed through a snowfield!
Thursday: I caught my first fish! We followed the stream that fed the lake. After about two miles, we came to a section that Carol said looked "fishy". She had a pack rod （竿）, which can be carried in a backpack. I asked to cast it, and I caught a fish on my first try. Carol caught a few more. But they were just too pretty to eat for lunch, so we put them back in the stream.
Friday: I can't believe we are going home already. It will be nice to get a hot shower, sleep in a real bed, and eat junk food, but the trip has been wonderful．We're already talking about another camping adventure next year where we canoe down a river. It's hard to believe, but I think this city girl has a little country blood in her veins.
69. The writer went on this camping trip because _____.
A. she enjoyed camping B. she wanted to go fishing
C. she was influenced by her brother D. she was tired of staying home
70. The whole morning of Tuesday, the writer _____.
A. hiked along the lake B. dried out her belongings
C. climbed the mountain D. caught the fish for dinner
71. It can be inferred that Carol had a pack rod with her because _____.
A. she could not afford to buy a regular fishing pole
B. she needed it to get their main source of food
C. she thought the writer of the journal might need it
D. she expected to go fishing while they were hiking
72. It is likely that the writer will _____ ．
A. go on another camping trip B. invite Carol to go fishing together
C. make her brother buy her something D. convince tier brother to go camping
本次课复习了初中阶段被动语态概念与用，初步练习高中听力和阅读理解。
Homework
1. 复习讲义；
2. 背诵有关的词语和句型，下次上课前十分钟默写；
3. 完成家庭作业。
A Little Is A Lot For Those With Nothing
Each year, 22 million people die from preventable causes, such as polluted water or the lack of nutrition, according to a new report from the World Health Organization. These groups are taking some of the TOP lights:
****A child dies every eight seconds from water-borne disease. Global Water builds wells in very poor communities in Romania, Central America and Africa. Go to global __________
****As much as 80 percent of the world's population may be lacking in iron. UNICEF supplies iron supplements to women and children in more than 100 countries, preventing anaemia , low birth weight and death. Their greeting cards, calendars and gifts help fund the program; __________.
****Mercy Corps fed more than 150,000 mouths in 2003. Still, more than one-quarter of children worldwide are underweight. One dollar helps feed 15 kids in developing countries like China and India; learn more at __________.
73. What is the purpose of the adverti百度竞价推广ent?
A. To ask readers to do their bit for the people who are likely to die from preventable causes.
B. To attract people's attention to the problem of water pollution.
C. To help the homeless children in developing countries.
D. To ask the readers to surf the Internet and become aware of the miserable things in the world.
74. You can help the children lacking in iron by _____.
A. buying special greeting cards or gifts from UNICEF.
B. helping the program of digging wells in poor area.
C. doing some volunteer work for them.
D. keeping our environment from being polluted.
75. Supposing there are 300, 000 starving children, how much money will be needed to help them according to 2003 standard?
A. 15 dollars. B. 20, 000 dollars. C. 4, 500, 000 dollars. D. 2, 200, 000 dollars.
