考试知识点28 让步状语从句
高考考试频度：★★★☆☆
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。
一般翻译为＂尽管……即便……＂就是大家日常用的＂退一步说……＂的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这类：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这类连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作＂虽然；尽管＂解，一般可以换用，although的语气较重。假如要强调＂但＂语气，可用yet，still或nevertheless来表示＂但＂、＂依旧＂或＂然而＂之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不可以让她信赖自己。
We had to wait half an hour ________we had already booked a table.
A. since B. although C. until D. before
【参考答案】B
【答案分析】句意：尽管大家已经预定了桌子，但还是等了半小时。剖析句子结构可知，此处是让步状语从句，所给四个选项中只有although可以引导让步状语从句。故选B。
2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
（1）even if引导的让步状语从句
even if ＂即便，即使＂，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的状况。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即便明天下雨，大家也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即便我第三失败，我也决不会舍弃实验。
（2） even though引导的让步状语从句
even though＂虽然，尽管＂，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的状况，一般可以和although/though换用。
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即便我一个字也不懂，我还是维持微笑。
Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即便你如此说，我也不信。
（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】考查状语从句。句意：即便九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只须，引导条件状语从句；B.as if好像，引导方法状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即便，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，意为＂尽管，虽然＂，从句多坐落于主句之前，而且需要用倒装语序。一般假如从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；假如从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；假如从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此使用方法与though的倒装完全一致。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我觉得他如此做是不聪明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能非常有力气，你却没办法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子，但他非常勇敢。
1._________， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
2._________， Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【参考答案】1.D 2.A
【答案分析】剖析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while＂虽然，尽管＂，多用于正式文体，且多坐落于句首，等于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽知道你的看法，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我非常同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
（2016·浙江卷﹒单项填空）_____________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】句意：尽管网购已经改变了大家的生活，但不是所有些影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为＂尽管，虽然＂；since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非。故选C。
5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what使用方法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他怎么说，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，大家决心完成这项任务。
（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which使用方法相同，都作＂无论什么＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买什么，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 无论是这两个人中的哪个偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who使用方法相同，都作＂无论哪个＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 无论你是哪个，都不可以进去。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管哪个要我接电话，就说我目前正忙着呢。
（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where使用方法相同，都作＂无论在（或到）哪儿＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪儿，我都依旧在这里等着你。
（5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how使用方法相同，都作＂无论怎么样……＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你过去做过的事，目前也无济于事了。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when使用方法相同，都作＂无论何时＂解，后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时间我不开心，他都给我鼓劲儿。
1._________， I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】句意：无论故事多么有趣，这个星期我都得把它放起来而专注学习。剖析句子结构及选项可知，此处应是however引导的让步状语从句。选项中no matter how所引导的状语从句语序不正确。故选C。
2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ________much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
【参考答案】A
【答案分析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都要晚上睡好。剖析句子结构可知，＂________much work you have to do＂是让步状语从句，此处表示＂多么＂，且修饰形容词much应用however。故选A。
6. whether...or引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会干扰主句的意向或结果。如：
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是不是相信，这都是真的。
— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
— Good, and ________you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether
C. whatever D. no matter
【参考答案】B
【答案分析】句意：——父亲，我的作业完成了。——好，无论你玩耍还是看电视，都不可以打扰我。依据语境可知，此处是whether…or…引导的让步状语从句。故选B。
题组一 能力过关
I.用适合连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句
1.（2017·北京卷）Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time _________the synapses become thinner.
2. （2017·江苏卷）_________ clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak.
3.While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.
4.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that ________ there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.
5. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.
II.单项填空
1. _________ the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use.
A.As B. Since C. While D. When
2.Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part in the Olympics, _________nation they come from.
A.no matter B. whatever C. what D.no matter where
3.The engineers are so busy that they have no time for sports activities, _________they have the interest.
A. even if B.as if C. whenever D. wherever
4.This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ________.
A. how much may it cosplayt B.no matter how it may cosplayt
C. however much it may cosplayt D. whatever may it cosplayt
5.______these different forms of greeting and customs might seem strange to you, remember _____you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.
A.As; what B.As; that
C. While; what D. While; that
6.________, the football game was decided not to put off.
A. Heavily as did it rain B.As it rained heavily
C.As heavily it rained D. Heavily as it rained
7.My professor’s son was ambitious of being a soldier________ he was so weak and thin.
A. because B. while
C. though D.as though
8.We will hold a meeting to sum up our experience _________we finish our task.
A.in case B. even though
C. despite D. immediately
9.He will never give up the chance to go abroad for further education _________the situation is.
A. whatever B. however
C. whenever D. wherever
10.Jackson is cheerful about his life _______ he is suffering from cancer.
A. even if B.as long as
C.as if D. ever since
III. 语法填空
A Japanese company has just invented Pepper, a human-like robot. It has arms and hands, but has no legs. Pepper can speak 17 languages and __________ a display on its chest, in which you can type in many different __________. The robot’s artificial intelligence system can read different kinds of human emotions. It can also read, answer questions and react __________the feelings of people.
Pepper gets its information from __________series of cameras, as well as facial and voice recognition software. It __________ to the Internet where it gets information from a database. Special safety features make it almost impossible for the software __________. Pepper is a learning robot that becomes better and better in recognizing human__________.
The market demand for robots is growing and because of its __________ aging population, Japan is one of the __________ markets in the world. __________many companies have been creating robots for various purposes, very little has been done to get robots to work on the emotional level. Pepper is the first machine that can do just that.
题组二 体验考试真题
1. __________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. once B. If C. Although D. Because
2.______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that
3.（2015·安徽）______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
A. once B. Since C. Though D. Unless
4._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case
题组一 能力过关
I.用适合连接词填空，用以引导让步状语从句
1. even though
2.While/Though/Although
3. While/Though/Although
4. although
5. Though/Although
II. 单项填空
1.C
【分析】考查连词。as＂正如，由于＂；since＂自从，既然＂；while＂当……时候，尽管＂；when＂当……时候＂。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知，该空应表示让步＂尽管……＂，＂尽管学生们感觉这位士兵的看法非常有趣，但供盲人用的这个系统太很难致没实用价值＂，故选C项。
2.B
【分析】考查让步状语从句。结合句意＂目前来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加奥运会，不论他们来自什么国家＂；该空引导让步状语从句，且可修饰名词nation，故用whatever或no matter what，选B项。
3.A
【分析】考查状语从句。even if＂即便＂；as if＂仿佛＂；whenever＂不论何时＂；wherever＂不论在什么地方＂。结合该句句意，即便工程师们感兴趣，他们也是太忙以致于没时间参加体育活动，故选A项。
4.C
【分析】考查让步状语从句。句意：这是一本非常有意思的书，无论多贵，我都会买的。B项少了much，所以选C。
5.C
【分析】考查让步状语从句和宾语从句连接词。句意：虽然这类打招呼的方法和风俗对你仿佛有点陌生，但记住，你觉得非常正常的东西对好像对别人恰好是不一般的。剖析句意可知，第一空应用让步状语连词，as引导让步状语从句时，需要倒装；剖析句子成分可知，第二空引导的是remember的宾语从句，连接词充当从句的宾语，表＂考虑的东西＂，应用连词what；that引导名词性从句时，只起连接用途，不充当句子成分。故选C。
6.D
【分析】考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管雨下得非常大，但这次足球赛未被推迟。as表示＂尽管＂，引导让步状语从句时，可将修饰动词的副词提前致句首，从句部分用陈述语序，故选D项。
7.C
【分析】考查连词。我的教授的儿子尽管身体又弱又瘦，他还是有当一名军人的志向。be ambitious of是固定搭配，表示＂有……的野心，有……的志向＂。though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
8.B
【分析】考查连词。in case＂以防万一＂；even though＂即便＂；despite＂尽管，不管＂；immediately＂一……就……＂。句意：即便大家完成大家的任务，大家也将举行一次会议来总结经验。故选B。
9.A
【分析】考查让步状语从句的引导词。句意：无论是那种情况，他都不会舍弃去海外深造的机会。所填词引导让步状语从句,并在从句中作表语,意为＂无论什么样＂，故用whatever。此处whatever可用no matter what替换。
10.A
【分析】考查状语从句。句意：杰克逊即便患了癌症，对生活依然乐观。A. even if＂即便＂，引导让步状语从句；B. as long as＂只须＂，引导条件状语从句；C. as if ＂好像＂，引导方法状语从句；D. ever since＂自从……以来＂，引导时间状语从句。故选A。
III. 语法填空
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本创造的机器人Pepper。
1.has
【分析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处介绍的是一种客观状况，故需用一般目前时;又因句子的主语Pepper为第三人称单数，故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2.commands
【分析】考查名词复数。Pepper的胸口有一个显示器，你可以在这个显示器中输入很多不一样的指令。依据空前的"many different"和提示词command作"命令，指令"讲时为可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
3.to
【分析】考查介词。它也可以阅读，回答问题并对大家的情感作出回话。react to..."对……作出反应"，为固定使用方法。
4.a
【分析】考查冠词。a series of..."一系列……"为固定使用方法。
5.is connected
【分析】考查时态和语态。此处应用一般目前时表示客观状况;再结合动词connect与主语It之间为被动关系可知，此处应用其被动语态。
6.to crash
【分析】考查非谓语动词。特殊的安全性能使得这个软件几乎不可能崩溃。此处为"动词+宾语+宾语补足语+to do"结构。故填to crash。
7.behavior
【分析】考查词性转换。Pepper是一个学习型机器人，它在辨别人类行为方面变得愈加好。剖析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，故填behavior。
8.rapidly
【分析】考查词性转换。此处表示"因为其迅速老龄化的人口"，故应用副词rapidly"迅速地，飞速地"修饰形容词aging。
9.largest
【分析】考查形容词最高级。日本是世界上最大的市场之一。依据空前的"one of the"和下文的"markets"可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级形式largest，构成"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"结构，表示"最……的……之一"。
10.【分析】考查让步状语从句。虽然很多公司出于各种各样的目的制作机器人，但使机器人在情感层面上起用途的少之又少。所以此处应用While/Although/Though"虽然，尽管"引导让步状语从句。
题组二 体验考试真题
1.C
【分析】A. once 一旦 B. If 假如 C. Although 尽管 D. Because由于。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但他们的一些羽毛还有其他作用与功效。依据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。
2.A
【分析】句意：过去让他感到想舍弃的地方，目前他决心继续前进。A那里；B尽管，当，由于，伴随；C以防；D既然。where表示地址，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has；in case表目的；now that表缘由。这里指让他感到想舍弃的地方，故选A。
3.C
【分析】句意：虽然科学家已经获悉不少有关宇宙的常识，但，大家仍然不了解的还有不少。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示缘由或时间；though表示让步或转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。
4.C
【分析】考查状语从句。句意：尽管那个森林公园非常远，但还是有很多游客每年到这里游览。依据题干信息，应该是＂即便（尽管）那个森林公园非常远，每年还是有不少人去参观。＂由此判断，从句为让步状语从句，应选连接词even though。本题选C。In case用于引导目的状语从句，表示＂以防＂、＂以免＂。