2020年高考考试英语考试知识点一遍过考试知识点57 书面表达图表类

考试知识点57 书面表达图表类

高考考试频度：★★★★★

图表作文需要将图表形式的信息转化成段落文字信息。信息以图表的形式呈现出来，考生需要弄清所给的图表、数据、标题及文字说明等各种信息之间的关系，通过剖析、研究提炼和确定文章的中心思想，得出让人信服的结论。图表作文中所说的图主要有曲线图、饼状图和柱状图等；而表则一般是统计表。

图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、步骤图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这种题型具备文字少、信息简洁、要素分散等特点。图表类书面表达在近年的高考考试中时有出现，主如果一些关于状况调查、生产、销售、进步进程等各种项目统计的示意图。这种统计图在日常应用得很广泛，因此，了解它并可以用英语明确地表述出来具备非常强的现实意义。图表作文主如果介绍或说明某方面的状况，文体上是说明文。考生应根据说明文的形式和特征来进行写作。因为这种考试试题文字少、信息简洁，假如只不过把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来，进行清单式的罗列，就会索然乏味，并且达不到字数需要。因此，对于这种形式的书面表达，考生第一要依据图表前的文字说明，弄了解图表的性质、内容、规律，并做到如下什么时间：

1.细读图表，抓住特点

图表中的数据信息总是较多，第一要了解其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真剖析各项数据，抓住其主要特点，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。常常用的词语有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。

2.认真审读，确定主题

认真审读考试试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题总是隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特点，然后总结出主题。有时，考试试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。

3.巧用数据，突出主题

引用数据了解明基本趋势，比较数据揭示基本特点。因为图表中的数据信息较多，写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来讲明主题，不要作任何发挥。表达时，既要包括所有要素，但又不可以面面俱到。常常用的词语有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，compare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。

4.词句多变，表达灵活

因为图表数据比较单调，比较容易使人使用相同的词汇和句式进行表达，结果文章看上去非常乏味。因此，写作时要尽可能防止重复用同一词汇或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词汇和句式来表达。

5.适合发挥，表明看法

图表类书面表达有时需要考生在对数据进行剖析、对比后，简单地谈谈我们的怎么看或提出建议，这是让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述我们的怎么看，表明我们的看法，提出解决问题的办法或建议。表述看法时，可以引用大家常见的看法，也可说源于己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，只须把看法表述了解即可，不必作更多的讲解或说明。常常用的词有：in a word，in short, generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。

1、写作方法

对于图表作文，写作内容主要包含三个方面：描述图表信息＋从中总结出变化规律＋提出建议或解决 之道。

筹备过程中，应着重从以下几个方面入手。

1. 读出图表所传达的信息，并对信息进行分类

将图表所传达的信息进行全方位的转换，并依据不一样的项目对信息进行分类，这是进行数据整理的基础， 这一过程中要尽可能确保信息全方位。

2. 整理信息，总结规律/剖析缘由

信息经过分类之后，以某一个标准为参照，总结出同一对象在不同时间/地域/…… 下的变化规律，或通过对相同种类信息的对比剖析出问题出现是什么原因。找出规律/缘由是解决问题/提出建议的基础。

3. 数据处置

对数据进行处置时，要依据题干的需要，着重处置差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。如此呈现数据时才能有所侧重，写的时候才能有详略之分。

4. 段落构建

一般而言，图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查/统计对象并进行图表信息的转换，转 换过程中应该注意的是信息的取舍和详略程度。第二段主如果依据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现是什么原因。 第三段则主如果建议的提出或解决方案的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重点段落，第三段可依据题干需要 进行取舍。

2、常用词语

1. 点明图表所反映的主题时常见的词语： 

table 表格，chart 图表，diagram 图形解析/示意图，figure图形/数字，describe 描述，tell 告诉，show 表明， represent 描绘/展示，indicate 显示

2. 剖析数据差异及变化趋势时常见的词语：

（1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up

（2）表示降低或降低的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down

（3）表示变化特征的：sharply 急剧地，quickly 飞速地，rapidly 迅速地，dramatically 戏剧性地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 渐渐地。

（4）表示比较的：compared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。

3、常用句式

1. 点明主题时：

I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about... among...

Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on…

A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on…

2. 呈现数据/剖析缘由时：

（1）呈现数据：

The above table/chart/graph shows that…

As can be seen from the pie chart...

From the table/chart/graph we can see…

（2）剖析缘由：

There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon.

A number of factors account for the change ．

The main reason for such a change is...

3. 发表怎么看/提出建议时：

Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view...

It is high time that we...

4、写作模板

Recently a survey has been done to find out_________。As is shown in the pie chart_________，________，________ and ________.

In conclusion, the survey shows that_________。Many factors contribute to the problem. One is that ___________（缘由一）. Another is that________（缘由二）.

In my opinion_________。

题组一（高考考试考试真题）

Writing 1

请认真阅读下面有关国内电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及有关文字，并根据需要用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；

2. 国内电影票房收入变化是什么原因有什么，简要谈谈你的怎么看（上述对话仅供参考，缘由不少于两点）；

3. 谈谈你对国内电影票房收入走向的怎么看，并简要说明理由。

【写作需要】

1. 写作过程中不可以直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不可以出现真实名字和学校名字；

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适合。

Writing 2

Directions:  Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

   假设你是中华中学学生姚平，近期参加了一项研究性学习调查，课题为＂爸爸妈妈是不是以子女为荣＂。通过调查你校学生及其爸爸妈妈，结果发现双方对此问题的怎么看有差异（数据如图所示）。依据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你需要：

1.描述调查数据；

2.剖析可能致使这一结果是什么原因。

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Writing 3

请阅读下面文字及图表,并根据需要用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2.结合上述信息，简要剖析致使交通问题的重要原因；

3.依据你的剖析，从社会规范和个人行为两方面议谈你得到的启示。

【写作需要】

1.写作过程中不可以直接引用原文语句；

2.作文中不可以出现真实名字和学校名字；

3.不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范,语篇连贯，词数适合。

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题组二（2名校模拟题）

Writing1（2020届上海华师大二附中高中三年级开学考试）

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

最近，你就影响选择大学的考虑原因在高中三年级学生中做了调查，结果如图所示，请结合图表信息，写一份调查报告，内容需要包含：

1) 说明图表反应的基本内容，

2) 列出你觉得相对要紧的两项原因（影响你一个人选择大学的考虑原因）并说明缘由。

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Writing2（2020届宁夏银川一中高考考试模拟）

最近，某校组织高中三年级学生进行了一场讨论。主题是:高三需不需要集中进行晚自习。依据下图提供的信息，写一篇英语短文，客观地介绍一下讨论的状况，注意要涵盖所有要素。

注意:

1. 词数不少于100；

2. 可以适合增加细节，以使行文连贯。

晚自习evening self-study

Recently there was a heated discussion among Senior 3 students in our school.

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Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Writing3

假定你是李华，计划高中三年级毕业后的暑假，找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请依据要素写一封申请信。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适合增加细节使行文连贯。

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Writing 4

你校的英国姊妹学校将于本周来校访问交流，倘若你是校学生会主席李华，请你用英语筹备一份讲话稿，向交流团师生介绍1日活动安排，内容如下：

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适合增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Writing 5

你们学校学生会近期组织了一次＂有烦恼时向哪个倾诉？＂的调查活动。请依据以下的调查数据，用英语给校报写一篇新闻稿，反映调查结果。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Editor，

Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows.

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Yours sincerely，

The Student Union

题组一 

Writing 1

【写作方法指导】考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力需要极高。第一考生要以30词左右概述短文内容。下面要剖析票房收入变化是什么原因并给源于己的怎么看，并谈谈自己对票房走向的怎么看。作文以第三人称和一般目前时为主。

要素：

1. 概述：中国电影票房在2012—2016年间呈现不断增长的趋势，但2016年的增长相比于前几年非常缓慢。

 剖析缘由：票房增长与大家生活质量的不断提升息息有关，大家有了多余的钱，才可能消费、娱乐；其次，电影的制作技术日臻成熟，很多优质的电影不断上映；再者，网络的普及无疑起到了非常大的宣传用途。

 怎么看和理由：票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只须给出适合的原因，对票房看涨或是看落皆可。

写30词的概述时，语言要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯，尽可能用上定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。

【参考范本】

Possible version one：

 The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.

The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.

China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase. 

Possible version two：

 As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016.

The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical.

However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. 

Writing 2

【写作方法指导】

本考试试题是图表类调查报告。尽管题干给出了一些要素，同时对报告内容作了详细的需要，但对考生的识图能力、总结概括能力还是提出了非常高的需要，特别是剖析缘由这一方面使本考试试题可以规划为半开放式的文章。通过审题我么可以了解文章结构非常简单。第一段重点对调查数据进行描述；第二段剖析可能致使这一结果是什么原因。

【参考范本】

Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose TOPic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school and their parents, I found that there is a big difference between the two sides. 80% of the parents think that they are proud of their children while 60% of the students think that their parents are proud of them.

As far as I am concerned, the reasons why the parents and their children have different opinions on the same question are as follows. Firstly, there is only one child in most families. Therefore, the parents pay more attention to their children than themselves. Secondly, the children are accustomed to the love given by their parents. Thirdly, the children are not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them.

Writing 3

【写作方法指导】

写作前，考生应该先认真剖析材料。写作时，注意第一段用30个单词概括材料内容，第二段写致使交通问题是什么原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为入手进行现象剖析，从中得到启示。词数在150左右，以一般目前时作为中心时态，内容健康向上，情节完整，书写工整，卷面维持整洁。为使行文紧凑，过渡自然，可在文中穿插用一些过渡性词语或短语。

推荐用语：not only...but also; threaten; quite a few; give rise to; in spite of; because of; the number of; what’s worse; in fact; related to; keep... in order

【参考范本】

The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.

Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.

In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track.

题组二 

Writing1

【范本】

A Survey on Choosing A College

Nowadays, more and more senior high school students pay much attention to choosing the most ideal college of their own in order to get a better education. There are many factors that they should take into consideration. In this context, a survey have been conducted to figure out the main factors affecting students’ decisions.

From the histogram, four factors are listed. We can see that the interest of majors is a factor that most students consider first, 175 students has chosen it. Then the fame of a college comes to the second place, 150 student agree with it. Thirdly, 90 students believes that reasonable charges are very important for them to make up their mind. Last but not least, 70 students regard the convenient traffic as an necessary factor to choose a college.

   As far as I’m concerned, I will allow for the interest of majors and reasonable charges when choosing a college. For one thing, interest plays a big part in motivating a student to study further; for another thing, reasonable charges can make a student not worry heavy economic burden.

All in all, every student should make their decisions seriously when choosing a college.

Writing2

【范本】

Recently there was a heated discussion among Senior 3 students in our school. The students were questioned whether they were willing to have the evening self-study at school or not. Here is the result according to the survey.

60 percent of the students think it’s a good idea to have the evening self-study at school. They think they can do better in their study with the help of the teachers. Also, they can concentrate on their lessons better in the classroom and with company of their fellow classmates. There are 25 percent of the students who think they prefer to study at home. They suppose that they may get disturbed by others and there are possible dangers on their way home alone. At the same time, still 15 percent of the students don’t have a clear answer to the question. They say they will go to school to have evening self-study if they are asked to, but they promise they can also do well at home.

Writing 3

Dear Mr. Smith,

I’ve read your adverti百度竞价推广ent for an assistant teacher for a children’s summer camp. I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.

To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native teachers from England. I will be available for the work on evenings and weekends and can start working from the end of this term. I would really appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

Writing 4

Dear friends,

Welcome to our school! I am Li Hua, chairman of the students’ union. I am greatly honored to receive you here. Here is a schedule for your visit.

In the morning you will be shown around our school and listen to an introduction of the school history in the lecture hall. After lunch, there’ll be a football match between British and Chinese students on the playground. Students from both of our schools are welcome to join in. In the evening, we’ll have a party by the school lake.

Wish you to have lots of fun here!

Thank you!

Writing 5

Dear Editor， 

Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows.

61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other so they can communicate well with each other. Another 22% choose parents and teachers to talk to for in their opinion，teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience and they can offer them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble．However, 17% don’t tell their trouble to anyone. For one thing，they don’t want to share their inner thoughts with others. For another thing，they find it hard to get along well with others．

Yours sincerely，

The Student Union