考试知识点03 主谓一致
【命题解析】
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词需要和主语在人称和数上维持一致，这就叫主谓一致。近几年来，高考考试关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致与就近一致三个方面上。
【命题预测】
主谓一致在高考考试中常与名词结合在一块进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体困难程度系数较低，纵览近年的高考考试考试真题，主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难题。预计2020年高考考试仍会沿袭这一命题规律。
【复习建议】
1. 学会主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 学会主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 学会定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 学会倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考考试主谓一致的常识结构
一致原则 | 考试知识点解析 | 例句 |
语法一致 | 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 | His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. |
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 | Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. | |
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 | Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. | |
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 | Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. | |
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 | He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. |
一致原则 | 考试知识点解析 | 例句 |
语法一致 | 6. 假如集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；假如它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 | Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. |
7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名词”构成的短语与由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要依据短语中后面名词的数而定。 | There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与the number of有什么区别 | |
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 | There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. | |
逻辑一致 | 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 | Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. |
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，这是因为作主语的名词在定义上是一个整体。 | Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. | |
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。 | “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. | |
4. 表数目的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 | One and a half apples is left on the table. |
一致原则 | 考试知识点解析 | 例句 |
逻辑一致 | 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语一般作单数看待，其谓语动词使用单数形式。 | Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. |
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 与news， works等，都是形式上是复数的名词，实质意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 | The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. | |
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但假如这类名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 | My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. | |
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 | The old are taken good care of. | |
9. a quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 | A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用复数。 Quantities of food were on the table. | |
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 | A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. | |
就近一致 | 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 | Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. |
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。假如其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与挨近的那个主语维持一致。 | There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子使用方法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. |
考向一语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上维持一致。
单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
☛His father is working on the farm.
☛ Time is money.
☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但假如表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are friends.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆假如and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【分析】考查目前完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为目前完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ______________________________ more effective at lengthening life ______________________________ walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【分析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般目前时，且主语是it，表示单数定义。故填is。
3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【分析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没其他人和他交朋友是什么原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，依据句意，后面应是一定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
The population of China is 1400 million.
One third of the population here are workers.
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
A lot of time is wasted.
A lot of people take part in the meeting.
2/3 water is drunk by him.
2/3 students are absent.
倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【分析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。依据剖析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，由于此宾语从句：…that success__________a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often__________years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将天天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这类非常重要。
考向二 意义一致原则
表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，由于其在定义上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
若是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
算是中表示数目一般用单数（加减乘除）
表示学科的以－ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
Mathematics is the study of numbers.
Politics, economics, athletics等。
复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。
The glass works was built up in 1980.
These glass works are near the railway station.
由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of 等量词时，视状况而定。
The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。
The young are usually very active.
The old are lonely.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of __________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________ stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【分析】时态和考查主谓一致。依据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般目前时，故填are。
考向三 就近一致原则
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与近期的主语维持一致。
（1）当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的爸爸妈妈和我都不可以说服他改变注意。
（2）there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。假如其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与挨近的那个主语维持一致。
There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
（3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是这样。
（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数维持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你爸爸妈妈一样，对我非常不错。
she，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也非常聪明。
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【分析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬季的每一个星期天下午，这位爸爸和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词维持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father维持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，本句应用一般目前时。故选C项。
考试知识点三 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数维持一致。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都爱玩电脑游戏。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的爸爸妈妈在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除去你和我，没人了解。
考向四 不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Each student has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。
☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
☛Neither parent is with him. 他的爸爸妈妈都没和他在一块。
☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大伙都非常重要。
2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
☛Is everybody here today? 今天大伙都到了吗?
☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出问题了。
☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天无人离开。
All we need __________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【分析】考查主谓一致准时态使用方法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再依据从句中的can可以判断用一般目前时。句意：大家所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的成长季节，大家可以种各种不一样的水果树。故C正确。
考向五 特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即便其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。
☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯善于学外语。
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
☛The sick are taken good care of. 患者得到非常不错的照顾。
☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲非常难学。
☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
考向六 表数目定义的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、资金、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，一般看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年非常快就过去了。
☛Ten dollars is enough. 10USD已经足够。
☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段非常长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
☛Many a student has passed the exam. 很多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，假如of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；假如of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 剩下的自行车降价供应。
☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既能够用单数也可以用复数。
☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没狗。
7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂很多/很多的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数目＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 很多农民站在那边。
☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数目已达到2 000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。假如of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；假如of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
☛A lot of time is needed. 需要很多的时间。
☛Plenty of workers are working. 很多工人在工作。
考向七 动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火非常危险。
☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言非常重要。
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【答案】A
【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来讲，一年的生活开销大约是8450USD，这对他们中某些学生来讲是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。
【辨析】
其他状况 | 例句 |
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常用复数；但and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语用单数。 | The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了 The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。 |
＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语用单数形式，假如之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语用复数。 | Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的爸爸去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢球。 |
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。 | The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超越八百。 A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 很多教师今天都出席了，有500人。 |
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 | The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。 A pair of glasses cosplayts quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的价格非常高。 |
当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，与在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式使用就近一致原则。 | Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没看过这部电影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。 |
某些集体名词class, club, family, team, group等作主语时，谓语动词使用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 | The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来飞速进步壮大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。 |
【常识拓展】假如这些集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，假如这些词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该用复数形式。 | |
【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最容易见到，集体名词谓用单。 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。 有的名词谓常复，people、police即这般。 主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。 many a作主语也这样，谓语动词应用单。 or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。 关系代词定主语，谓语依据先行词判。 不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。 时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见， rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。 none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。 还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。 代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。 量词使用方法请注意，谓语要随量词变。 and连接两名词，身兼两职肯定冠。 no，each，every后单名，两种事物一定义。 以上状况请记清，谓语动词全用单。 形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠， -s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。 代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。 |
基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适合形式填空
1.Have an aim in life or your ________ will all be wasted.
2.—How can I take the medicine，sir?
—Just follow the ________ on the bottle.
3.________ see more than players.
4.The glutton has two ________ to eat but no stomach for work.
5.The fisher who draws in his net too soon won’t have any ________ to sell.
6.More than 300 ________ have been invited to the meeting.
7.They took some ________ when they visited China.
8.Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ going to visit Beijing next year.
9.Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
10.Every man and every woman ________ a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful.
能力提高
I. 单项填空
1.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school ___________ from the suburb and the number of them ___________ 500.
A. come；is B. comes；are C. comes；is D. come；are
2.The teacher along with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came across her.
A. were visiting B. was visiting
C. has visited D. have visited
3.The teacher, ___________ several students, ___________ discussing the problem.
A. together with；is B. as well as；are
C. and；is D. along with；are
4. Not only his parents but also his elder brother ___________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back yet.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone
5. about ___________ of his spare time ___________ spent in reading.
A. third-fifths；are B. three-fifths；is
C. three-fives；are D. three-fifth；is
6. Jane is the only one of the students who ___________ a little Chinese and is one of my friends who ___________ studying in China now.
A. know；have B. knows；has
C. knows；are D. know；is
7.—The room is in a mess again!
—Sorry. It is ___________ who ___________.
A. me；is to blame B. I；is to be blamed
C. me；am to be blamed D. I；am to blame
8. Do you know the man ___________ the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of the teachers who ___________ in our school.
A. who；is working B. whom；are working
C. whom；works D. which；works
9. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ___________ not been decided yet.
A. has B. is C. have D. are
10. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ___________ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
II. 语法填空
Do you like traveling? Would you like to tell me if you __________ the opportunity to visit a new country and stay with a family? __________the idea of taking a language exchange trip to a different country can be __________ at first, it offers a great opportunity to improve your foreign language. You also have the chance to experience the life in __________new and exciting place. Living with a local family is often the __________ way to understand a different culture. Staying in a hotel with other tourists is different. If you choose to live with a family, you will be able to practice your foreign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make you __________ at home. You will know all the best __________ in that country. Perhaps the most important reason to take part in a language exchange program __________ that even when you are back to your country, being able to chat with them over the Internet is a great way to keep __________your foreign language. __________, the above will help you to put aside your worries and start your trip.
体验考试真题
1.（2019·天津卷）Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
2.（2017·江苏）The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. （2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded
C. are regarded D. regards
4. （2018·新课标卷II·语法填空）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its TOP crop. Since 2011,the country __________（grow）more corn than rice.
5.Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.
A.is B. are C. was D. were
基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适合形式填空
1.energies 2.directions 3.Lookers－on 4.stomachs 5.fish
6.coaches 7.photos 8.is 9.is 10.has
能力提高
I. 单项填空
1. A 【分析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是＂a number of the students in our school＂，指＂很多学生＂，谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是＂the number of them＂，指＂学生的数目＂，谓语用单数形式。故选A。
2. B 【分析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：当大家遇到那位老师的时候，她正在和她的学生们参观故宫。名词+介词短语作主语时，谓语动词要和介词前面的名词维持一致，即遵循＂就远原则＂。该题中，谓语动词要和the teacher维持一致。该句时间状语为＂when we came across her＂，表示过去的时间，且依据句意可知，该空表示大家遇到老师时老师正在做的事情，要用过去进行时态。故选B。
3. A 【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：这个老师和几个学生正在讨论这个问题。together with＂与……一块＂；as well as＂也，和＂；and＂和＂；along with＂与……一道＂都符合语境；主句的主语是the teacher，together with several students修饰主语，因此主语是第三人称单数，所以第二空用谓语用is。综上所述，故选A。
4. D 【分析】句意：不只他的爸爸妈妈而且他的哥哥也去了颐和园，他们还没回来。not only... but ...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but 后的成分在人称和数上维持一致；再结合语境＂They haven’t been back yet.＂可知D项切题。
5. B 【分析】考分数查询数和主谓一致的使用方法。句意：他大约花费五分之三的空闲时间在看书上。表达分数时，分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词，当分子大于一时，序数词后面加-s；又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。故选B。
6. C 【分析】考查主谓一致的使用方法。在第一个who引导的这个定语从句中，先行词是the only one，所以从句中的谓语动词用单数；而在第二个who引导的定语从句中，先行词是my friends，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数。故选C。
7. D 【分析】考查主谓一致。本句是强调句，强调的是主语I，所以系动词用am；be to blame是固定搭配，指＂该受责备，应承担责任＂。故选D。
8. B 【分析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句中turn to后缺少宾语，且指代先行词the man，故用that或whom；第二空对应的主语who替代复先行词the teachers，故该动词应用复数，选B项。
9. A 【分析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：何时何地举行会议目前还没决定。本句中，两个特殊疑问词when和where指的是同一件事情，谓语动词用单数，依据yet判断本句为目前完成时，故A项正确。
10. D 【分析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：伴随更多的森林正在被破坏，每年有很多的好泥土正在被冲走。谓语动词应依据quantity的单复数来定，本句中quantity为复数，因此谓语动词也用复数形式，故排除A项和B项；又由于earth和wash away之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选D项。
II. 语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，论述了假如你想学好一门外语或是体验某一个国家的风土人情，语言交流之旅将是你的不二选择是什么原因。用英语进行交流是考生应具备的学科素养，体现了高考考试重视培养初中生跨文化交际的能力。
1.have been offered
【分析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：你能否告诉我你是不是过去有机会去过一个新的国家并和那里的一个家庭居住在一块?剖析句子结构可知，主语you和谓语动词offer之间为动宾关系，因此用被动语态;又依据所给语境可知，提供机会发生在过去，并对目前产生肯定的影响，故应用目前完成时。
2.Although/Though
【分析】考查连词。依据语境可知，此处表示虽然去一个不一样的国家参加语言交流项目这一想法起初听起来有点吓人，但这个项目可以给你提供非常不错的提升外语水平的机会。前后句为转折关系，因此要用Although/Though。
3.frightening
【分析】考查动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式。此处表示去一个不一样的国家参加语言交流项目这一想法起初听起来有点让人害怕。动词frighten的形容词形式有两个：frightened和frightening。前者表示"感到害怕的"，后者表示"让人害怕的"。此处用来修饰主语the idea，因此应该用形容词frightening。
4.a
【分析】考查冠词。句意：你还有机会体验在一个新的、让人激动的地方的生活。依据语境可知，句中place表示泛指意义，故用不定冠词。
5.best
【分析】考查形容词最高级。依据语境可知，此处表示和当地人住在一块一般是学习他们的文化的最好的方法。故此处应用good的最高级形式best。
6.feel
【分析】考查非谓语动词。句中动词make后可接宾补，构成"make+宾语+宾补"结构。注意make后的宾补为不定式时，应省略不定式符号to。
7.places
【分析】考查名词单复数。句意：你将知道那个国家所有最好的地方。剖析句子结构并结合句中的all可知，此处应用名词复数形式。
8.is
【分析】考查考主谓一致。剖析句子结构可知本空应填谓语动词，又由于主语为reason，因此应该用单数形式。
9.up
【分析】考查动词固定搭配。此处表示当你回到你的祖国，可以和他们在网络上聊天是维持你的外语水平的非常不错的方法。动词词组keep up意为"使某事物维持"。
10.Hopefully
【分析】考查副词。句意：期望以上所述可以帮你放手你的顾虑，开始你的旅程。本空用来修饰整个句子，因此应该用副词形式。又由于本空在句首，所以单词首字母应大写。
体验考试真题
1.C 【分析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，遭到了热烈的欢迎。依据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真的的主语是Amy，她遭到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2. C 【分析】考查主谓一致。本句是包括定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要用单数形式；依据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
3. B 【分析】句意：目前骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被觉得是最全方位的训练方法之一。依据动词短语regard...as… 和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
4. has grown【分析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用目前完成时，且主语为the country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
5.A【分析】考查主谓一致。句意为：一般情况，对其他人期望非常高的学生的内在动机对他们的进步是必要的。主语students’ inner motivation表示单数意义，所以谓语动词用单数，并且叙述的是目前的状况，所以用一般目前时，故选A项。