U6
1、必会词语
1. peaceful adj. 平静的
{联想} peace n. 和平
2. convenient adj. 便捷的
{反义词} inconvenient adj. 不便捷的
{联想} convenience n. 便利
3. neighbourhood n. 街区；城区
4. bottom n. 底部
{反义词} TOP
5. *steep adj. 陡的
{反义词} gentle adj. 缓和的
6. step n. 台阶
{提示}steps可以用来表示“（室外的）石头阶梯”或“四脚梯折梯”等。
7. noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的
{联想} noise n. 噪音 noisily adv.吵闹地；嘈杂地
{反义词} quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的
8. exciting adj. 让人激动的；让人开心的
{反义词} boring adj. 让人厌烦的
Uninteresting adj. 无趣的；乏味的
{联想} excite v.使激动；使开心 excitement n. 激动；开心
excited adj. 激动的；开心的
9. pleasant adj. 让人愉快的
{反义词} unpleasant adj. 是人不愉快的；讨厌的
{同义词} enjoyable adj. 让人愉快的
10. relaxing adj. 让人放松的
{联想} relax v. 放松；休息
relaxed 放松的
11. financial adj. 金融的；财政的
{联想} finance n. 金融；财政
12. church n. 教堂
{比较} go to church与go to the church
go to church表示“去教堂做礼拜”；go to the church仅表示“去教堂”。
13. *statue n. 雕塑；雕像
14. *fountain n. 喷泉
15. storybook n. 儿童故事书；童话书
训练：
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. Life in the suburbs is quiet and __________.
2. There is a new garden in our __________ .
3. It is __________ to go to Beijing by plane.
4. We had a __________journey last summer holiday.
5. Fishing is a kind of activity for people to __________.
6. Nobody can tell whether this new age of globalization would end soon because of the __________ . crises.
【Keys】1. peaceful 2. neighbourhood 3. convenient 4. pleasant 5. relax 6. financial
2、必会词组
1. take a bus to 坐公交去、、、、
take +交通工具 +介词to 意为“搭乘、、、、去某地”=go to 、、、by +交通工具
eg：You can take a bus to the park.
You can go to the park by bus.
2. It takes about forty minutes.
It takes +时间 表示“做某事花了多久”
It takes +sb. +some time to do sth. 表示“某人花了多少时间做某事”
eg：It takes five hours to travel from Shanghai to Nanchang by train.
3. at the bottom of 在、、、、底部
eg：The apples at the bottom of the basket are smaller.
4. not any 意为“什么都没” = no
eg: There aren’t any shops or restaurants.=There are no shops or restaurants.
5. It is +adj. + to do sth. 表示“做某事非常如何”
其中，it不是句子真的的主语，它替代了to do sth.的部分，大家称之为“形式主语”，而把动词不定式部分称为“真实主语”。
eg: It is difficult to learn French.
训练：
用括号中所给词的适合形式填空：
I like ___ in the countryside.
The life in the countryside is ____ .
Most of the people like the ____ life.
We all liked the ____ trip.
On ____ days, we can fly kites.
按需要改写句子：
Ben usually does his homework __________.
____ does Ben usually ____ his homework?
Peter goes to visit his grandma __________.
____ ____ does Peter go to visit his grandma?
It takes me __________ to go to school.
____ ____ does it take you to go to school?
We often __________ to go to school.
____ ____ you often go to school?
3、必会语法
I 目前进行时和过去进行时
目前进行时
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
—What are you doing now?
—We are having a test.
2. 表示现阶段暂时的习惯动作，该动作说话时未必正在进行。
Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths, but he is now teaching computer lessons.
3. 表示不断重复的动作，常带always等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。
Alice is always helping others.
4. 表示渐进的过程，一般适用于表示“转变”的动词。
When autumn comes, the weather is getting cooler and cooler.
5. 表示马上发生的事情，一般适用于暂短性动词。
Pm going to Paris for my holidays next week.
6. 目前进行时的动词形式一般以助动词be 及动词原形加-ing，即动词的目前 分词表示，其规则如下：
1) 一般动词都在词尾加-ing，如：working，planting, carrying, discussing 等。
2) 当动词以-e结尾时，先去掉-e，再加-ing，如：shining, leaving, skating, writing。
以-oe，-ee，-ye 结尾的动词，直接加-ing，如：hoeing，dyeing，agreeing 等.
还有特殊变化的，如:die+ing—dying lie+ing—lying
3) 当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing,如： running, sTOPping, swimming, beginning 等.
7.目前进行时常见的时间状语有:now, nowadays, at the moment, these days等。
过去进行时
1.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
We were taking a walk when we met our maths teacher.
2.表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。
He is a driver, but at that time he was working in a factory.
3.表示过去不断重复的动作。
Mrs. Green was always complaining about something.
4.过去进行时的动词形式一般以助动词be 加动词的目前分词-ing形式表示， 其构成规则与目前进行时相同。
5.过去进行时常见的时间状语有：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment 等。
训练1、写出下列动词的目前分词：
Play _______ run__________swim________ make_______ go________like________
write_______ read________ have_______ sing_______ dance_______put______
see _______ buy_____ _love__________live_______ take________come________
ge _______ sTOP________ sit________ begin________shop__________
答案： playing running swimming making going liking writing skiing reading singing dancing putting seeing buying loving living taking coming getting sTOPping sitting beginning shopping
训练2、用所给动词的适合时态填空。
1. Don’t make any noise. The teachers __________ a meeting.
2. Betty __________ a telephone call to her pen pal at that time yesterday:
3. I __________ anything at the moment.
4. He told me that my mother __________ for me outside.
5. Spring is here. It __________ warmer and warmer.
6. What __________ you __________ when I called you yesterday evening?
7. All those wastes __________ the river these years.
8. My mother __________ in the kitchen when my father returned home.
9. I __________ him when I __________ in the park.
10. It __________ at the moment, so we __________ indoors yesterday afternoon.
keys: 1. are having 2. was making 3. am not doing 4. was waiting 5.is getting 6. were, doing
7. are polluting 8.was cooking 9. saw, was walking 10. was raining, stayed
训练3、完成下列句子:
What_________you__________?
I_____________ an English song.
What________he____________?
He______________ a car.
______you__________ a kite?
Yes, _______.
______she___________ in the boat?
______you_____________ questions?
We_______________ games now.
答案：1. are; doing 2. am; singing 3. is; mending 4. is; mending 5. are; flying; I am
6. is; sitting 7. are; asking 8. are playing
一般过去时与目前完成时比较
使用方法比较：
1.定义：一般过去时：过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。
目前完成时：目前完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对目前的影响，重点是强调目前的是影响。
2．时间状语：
1）一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, （具体的时间状语）
2）目前完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, before 等
3．动词搭配：
1）目前完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区别：
瞬间动词：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等后面不可以跟表示一段时间的时间状语。
延续性动词：live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
[说明] “终止”、“延续”要转换：英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性（瞬间动词）两种，在目前完成时态中必须要注意动词这一特质，当句中含有一段时间状语时应将这种瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。
比如： The film has begun. → The film has been on for an hour.
He has gone . → He has been away for ten minutes.
2）一般过去时中没有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区别：
I saw this film （yesterday）.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对目前的影响，电影的内容已经了解了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平角逐。）
__________. 她已从巴黎回来了。
__________. 她是昨天回来了。
__________.
__________. （动词填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.
This factory __________ for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago.
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.
__________
答案：
1、died, has been dead 2、has been open 3、has been away 4、joined；ago
5、It is, since 6、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
