牛津8A U7同步复习
1、词语Words
1. immediately adv. 立即；立刻
e.g. I recognized her immediately. 我立刻认出了她。
He came immediately when he heard the news.
他一听到这个消息，立刻就来了。
【近义】at once right now right away
2. snore v. 打鼾
e.g. My father was snoring again. 我的爸爸又在打呼噜了。
We knew Dad was asleep because we could hear him snoring.
大家指导父亲已经睡着勒，由于大家能听到他的鼾声。
批注：通过表演加深学生对这个单词的记忆。
3．attract v. 吸引
e.g. Last night’s concert was able to attract a big crowd. 昨晚的音乐会吸引了不少人。
Can a magnet attract steel and iron? 磁铁可以吸住钢铁吗？
【常识拓展】 attractive adj. 吸引人的；引人入胜的
attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物
e.g. She wears very attractive clothes. 她穿着好看的衣服。
I don’t find her attractive. 我发现她一点儿都不讨人喜欢。
Nowadays the Internet has more attraction for the young. 目前互联网对青年有更大的吸引力。
批注：让学生注意+ive为形容词，+ion为名词；并且例举其他类似词语，
如：act v. --- active adj. ---action n.
4. escape v. 逃脱；避开；溜走
e.g. The thief tried to escape from jail, but the police caught him.
那小偷试图要逃离监狱，但警察逮住了他。
They escaped from the burning house.
他们从燃烧的房屋里逃了出来。
批注：escape读音近似“一时开跑”，容易让学生联想到逃跑的意思。
5. interrupt v. 打断；中断；妨碍
e.g. Don’t interrupt me. 别打断我。
It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
在其他人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
6. weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的
e.g. Mary was weak after her illness. 玛丽病后非常虚弱。
My mother’s legs felt weak. 我妈妈的双腿感觉无力。
【反义】 strong adj. 强壮的，强大的
7. aim v. 对……瞄准
e.g. Mary aimed her camera at the bird and snapped the picture.
玛丽用相机对准了那只鸟，拍下了那个镜头。
【常识拓展】 aim n. 目的 v. 力求达到，旨在
e.g. He went to London with the aim of finding a job.
他怀着找工作的目的去了伦敦。
We aim to be there around six. 大家力求六点左右到达那里。
批注：结合初二第一单元中ambition, dream 两个单词，解说ambition, dream，aim to be 的使用方法。
8. attack v. 进攻；攻击
e.g. The police dogs attacked the robber who fell to the ground.
警犬攻击那个跌倒在地上的劫匪。
He was attacked by words. 他受言论攻击。
9. damage v. 损害；伤害
e.g. The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑遭到了破坏。
Smoking seriously damaged your health. 抽烟紧急伤害了你的健康。
【常识拓展】 damage n. 损害；伤害
e.g. The storm didn’t do much damage. 这场暴风雨没导致非常大损毁。
批注：可以联系destroy进行解说，destroy破坏程度大，damage破坏程度较小，可修复。
10. whisper v. 耳语；密谈
e.g. He is whispering to her neighbor. 他向邻座的人耳语。
The two girls were whispering in the library. 这两个女生在图书馆里低声说话。
【常识拓展】 whisper n. 低语，耳语
e.g. She spoke in a whisper. 她低声说话。
11. panic v. 使恐慌；使惊慌
e.g. The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 枪炮声使群众惊慌失措。
The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 银行惊恐地抛售USD。
【友情提示】过去式和过去分词为panicked, 目前分词为panicking.
【常识拓展】panic n. 惊恐
e.g. They were in a state of panic. 他们惊恐万分。
12. free adj. 自由的
e.g. Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？
【常识拓展】freedom n. 自由
e.g. The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays. 孩子们喜欢学校放假时的无拘无束。
13. finally adv. 最后；终于
e.g. Our flight finally took off five hours later. 大家的航班终于在五个小时后起飞了。
【常识拓展】final adj. 最后的
e.g. They are waiting for the final result. 他们正等着最后的结果。
批注：让学生回忆有关同义词，如：at last, in the end. 回顾表示时间先后顺序的词，如：first, second, then, after that, finally.
14. maybe adv. 大概，或许
e.g. It’s clouding up. Maybe it will rain this afternoon. 天阴了，今天下午或许有雨。
【指点迷津】maybe, may be
maybe adv. 表示大概、可能，在句中作状语，一般放在句首。
e.g. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket. 大概你把信房屋衣服口袋里了吧！
may be 是情态动词may+系动词be， 表示肯能是的意思，在句中作谓语，一般放在句中。
e.g. You may be right. 你可能是对的。
2、要紧短语important Phrases
1. lie down 躺下
e.g. He was very tired and lay down on his brother’s bed.
他很累，于是就躺在他哥哥的床上了。
2. make sure 确信，确定
e.g. Find some evidence and make sure that you are right.
找出一些证据来证明你是对的。
【常识拓展】
make sure of/ about sth.
e.g. We must make sure of the time and place. 大家需要弄清时间和地址。
make sure + that 从句
e.g. Make sure that she turned off the gas. 确保她已经关掉煤气了。
make sure to do sth.
e.g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
在你出去之前必须要关掉收音机。
3. one by one 一次一个
e.g. The teacher asked the young children to go into the tube one by one.
老师叫孩子一次一个地进入那通道。
4. be done for 完蛋
e.g. Those plants will be done for if you don’t water them soon.
假如你不给那些植物浇水的话，它们会非常快过世的。
5. go out 熄灭
e.g. The fire has gone out. 火已经熄灭了。
【常识拓展】go 构成的常用词组：
go away 离开 go ahead 开始，进行 go over 复习，检查
6. be finished 被杀，被毁灭
e.g. The scandal means he’s finished in politics. 这一丑闻意味这他在政治上已身败名裂
要紧句型important Sentences structures
1. We’re too weak to open the door.大家的力气太小，是打不开门的。
too…to…是“太……以至于不可以……”的意思。
同义句转换： so… that… enough to ….
The boy was too weak to carry that suitcase.
2．By this time ,I had joined my crew among the kangaroos.
这个时候，我已经和我的队员们一样躲在袋鼠中间了。
本例是过去完成时的句子。By this time是“到这个时候为止”的意思，“by+过去某一点的时间”可以表示“到……为止”的意思，常常用于过去完成时中。过去完成时表现的是在过去的某个时刻之前已经完成的事物或行为。过去完成时的基本结构是“助动词had+动词的过去分词”。又如：
By the end of last year, the boy had already learned 3,000 English words.
到去年为止，这个男生已经掌握了3000个英语单词。
I．代 词
代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名字,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
| 第一人 称单数 | 第二人 称单数 | 第三人称单数 | 第一人称复数 | 第二人称复数 | 第三人称复数 | ||
阳性 | 阴性 | 中性 | ||||||
主 格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they |
宾 格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | you | them |
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
如： __________often go shopping on Sundays. /
Are __________ from Brazil?
Where have__________gone?
That’s __________
It’s __________!
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如：Who teaches __________ English this year?
Help __________!
We often write letters to __________.
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
如：----Who is it? ----It’s __________.
4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包括“我”时,根据“you→he→I”的顺序表达。
如：Both __________ and__________are working at that computer company.
----Who will go there?
----__________ and __________.
5、 人称代词it除去可以指人指物以外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、状况”等含义,除此之外还可以作“非人称代词”用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如：-----What’s the weather like today?
----__________’s fine.
----What’s the time?
----__________’s 12：00.
__________’s a long way to go.
__________ took him three days__________.
__________ is very clear __________.
We found __________ very difficult __________.
练一练：选择正确的选项
1.-How is your mother?
-__________ is very well.
A. I B. You C. She
2. Bob and I are good friends.__________go to school together
A. They B. We C. He
3.-__________is Cindy, and__________am Tina.
-Nice to meet__________, Tina and Cindy.
A. He, I, you B. She, he, they C. She, I, you
4.__________are always good friends
A. I and you B. You and I C. You and me
5.__________are always good friends.
A. I, you and she B. You, she and I C. She, I and you
6. I think__________are all wrong.
A. I, you and she B. you, she and I C. she, I and you
7. Here is a pen. Oh,__________is Lily’s. Give__________to__________.
A. He, him, her B. It, her, it C. it, it, her
物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
| 第一人 称单数 | 第二人 称单数 | 第三人称单数 | 第一人称复 数 | 第二人称复数 | 第三人称复数 | ||
阳性 | 阴性 | 中性 | ||||||
形容 词性 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名词 性 | mine | Yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。
如：Is that __________ umbrella?
I often go to see __________ aunt on Sundays.
They are__________ books.
名词性物主代词等于名词, 既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中总是独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不能跟名词。
如： This is your cup, but where is__________?
Your classroom is very big, but__________ is rather small.
3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。
如：A friend__________ came to see me yesterday.
[试比较] __________ friend came to see me yesterday.
练一练：
依据提示和语境填入适合的物主代词和人称代词。
1.__________ coat is black, but __________ is red. His hers
2. Whose wallet is this? It’s__________. It’s__________ wallet. mine my
3. I’m a new student.__________name is Helen. my
4.-Are these__________yes are big. Her
6. Look, there is his new book. __________ is as new as his. mine
7. Can__________show__________ __________book? （你能把你的书借给我看一下吗？）you me your
8. This is no__________. my hers
9.__________are listening to the radio. Don’t talk to __________. They them
10.__________looks like__________mother.
A. He, her B. She, her C. She, his
2. Let __________ive __________a book..
A. me, your B. you, my C. me, you
3.-Is that bike__________?
-Yes, it’s __________.
A. yours, mine B. my, mine C. mine, your
4. This is not__________bike.__________is broken.
A. his, He’s B. her, His C. his, His
5. These are my friends.__________names are Sam and Jack.
A. His B. Theirs C. Their
反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
第一人 称单数 | 第二人 称单数 | 第三人称单数 | 第一人称复数 | 第二人称复数 | 第三人称复数 | ||
阳性 | 阴性 | 中性 | |||||
myself | yourself | himself | herself | itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
1. 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射。
如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt __________.
2. 在句子中作同位语表示强调。
如：The story__________ is good. only he didn’t tell it well.
3. 指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者目前的人或事物。
单数 | 复数 | 含义 |
this | these | 指较近的人和物 |
that | those | 指较远的人和物 |
such | 指上文提过的人和物 | |
same | 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 | |
it | 指不太了解是哪个或者是什么时 | |
指示代词既能够单独用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。
如：What’s__________?
__________model plane is made of plastic.
Remember never to do __________ things.
Do the__________as the teacher tells you.
---Who is __________? ---__________s me!
练一练：依据汉语填空或选择合适的一项完成句子。
1. ______ was a doctor.
A. He B. him C.his
2.______is too young to look after.
A.She B.Her C. Herself
3. We__________at the party last Sunday.
A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoyed ourself
4. “Make__________at home.” He said to his friends.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. you
5. Let Tony do it by__________. He is no longer a kid.
A. him B. his C. himself
6. you are twelve now.__________must look after__________.
A. You, yourself B. Your, yourself C. You, your
7. She and her mother enjoyed__________at the party.
A. herself B. them C. themselves
4、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
单数 含义 | some any | no none | / | / | each | one | either, neither | so | the other, another | 复合不 定代词 |
不可数 含义 | much | little, a little | all | / | / | / | / | / | ||
复数 含义 | many | few, a few | ones | both | others, the others |
※ 注：复合不定代词有12个：something , someone , somebody , anything
, anyone , anybody , nothing , nobody , no one , everything, everyone, everybody.
some和 any 的使用方法：
some一般用于一定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
如： I have __________ work to do today.
They will go there __________ day.
some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或期望得到一定回答。
如：Would you like __________ coffee with sugar?
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词
如：They didn’t have __________ friends here.
Have you got__________ questions to ask?
any 用于一定句时,意思是“任何的”。 Come here with__________ friend.
no和none的使用方法：
no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没”,修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
如：There is __________ time left. Please hurry up.
They had __________ reading books to lend.
none只能独立用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没一个人”,表示复数或单数。
如：__________ of them is/are in the classroom.
I have many books, but __________ is interesting.
all和both的使用方法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
如：I know __________ of the four British students in their school.
----Would you like this one or that one? –__________.
all和both既能够修饰名词+名词),也可以独立用,使用“all/both + of the +名词
的形式,其中的of 可以省略。
如：__________ boys are naughty.
every和each使用方法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每个”,表示整体定义；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每一个”或者“每个”,表示单个定义；each可以放在名词前,可将来跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解,但下文中既能够用单数的代词也可以用复数的代词替代。
如： __________ one of the students in his class studies very hard.
They are very busy. __________ of them has something to do.
either和neither的使用方法：
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。
如：I don’t care much for what to drink. __________ of the two will do.
----Will you go there by bus or by car? ---–__________. I will go there by train.
other、the other和another的使用方法：
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。
如： Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and __________ are sitting on the grass talking.
You have had several cakes. Do you really want __________ one? / I want __________ four books.
another与the other 主要从数目上区别,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is__________one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want __________.
others与the others的主要不同：others指“剩余的人/物”；the others指“其余的人/物”,。如：A few students are playing soccer while __________ are watching them. / Two of the ten boys are standing and__________ are sitting round them.
many和much的使用方法：
many意思是“不少”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“不少”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don’t have __________ friends here. /__________ died in the bus accident. / We can learn __________ with the help of him.
many和much一般用于否定句,一定句中一般用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于一定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are __________people on the playground./ They haven’t got __________ work to do. / There are too __________ people in the room.
few、little、a few、a little的使用方法：
few、little意思是“极少几个”、“几乎没”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有的”,有一定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
如：He is very poor and he has __________ money.
Don’t worry. There is still __________ time left.
In that polar region there live__________ people.
You can get __________sweets from him.
复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于一定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。
如：Hey,Lily. There is __________ outside the door.
Did you meet __________ when you came to school last Sunday?
He has __________ __________ to do today.
one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。
如： Which jacket would you like, this __________ or that __________?
I don’t like the green __________.
so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。
如： I don’t think __________.
He lost a book. __________ did I.
a lot of、lots of、a number of、a great deal of、plenty of有什么区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“很多,很多”,a lot of既能够修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、很多”,既能够修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词可以换为much。
如：__________ people think that time is money.
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have __________ time. I have __________letters to write today.
I spend __________time/money on shopping.
none、no one、nobody有什么区别：no one和nobody都表示“无人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。
如：__________ knows how he managed to get the ticket.
__________ handed in his/their composition yesterday.
__________ came to see me that day.
练一练：
选择正确的选项。
1.-Do you have a computer?
-Yes, I have a good __________.
A. some B. one C. it
2. He has one blue pen and two red__________.
A. one’s B. ones C. one
3. There are shops on__________sides of the street.
A. both B. every C. some
4.-Is there__________tea in that green cup?
-Yes, there is __________.
A. any, some B. any, any C. some, any
5. Could you do__________ for me, please?
A. everything B. anything C. something
6. Turns off the TV, Betty. __________is watching it.
A. somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody
7.-Did you find__________n the room?
-No, we found__________there.
A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody
8. Would you like__________more coffee?
A. little B. any C. some
9. Listen to me. I have__________to tell you.
A. anything surprising B. something surprising C. surprising something
10.__________students are on the playground. They are__________in the classroom.
A. All, all B. No, all C. Some, both
5、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。
each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示很多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。
如： We must help __________ when we are in trouble.
They sat there without talking to __________
练一练：
选择正确的选项。
1. He and she are as tall as__________.
A. themselves B. them C. each other
2. People usually put small presents in stocking on Christmas Eve .
A. each other B. each other’s C. each others’
3. The students often help__________.
A. one the other B. each the other C. one another
2、依据汉语完成句子。
1. We just said “ hello” __________ __________ __________. （大家仅仅相互打了声招呼。）
2. They often __________ __________ __________ __________ in English.
3. They should meet__________ __________ parents.
Key:1 to each other 2 write to each other 3 each other’s
